Physiomobile - Physiotherapy Malaysia

STROKE

STROKE is defined as an accident to the brain with "rapidly developing clinical signs of focal or global disturbance to cerebral function, with symptoms lasting 24 hours or longer, or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin and includes cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage".

There are two main types of strokes :

Hemorrhagic
Ischemic
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Sign & symptoms

Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg
Sudden confusion, difficulty understanding speech and speaking
Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or lack of coordination
Sudden severe headache

Causes

The commoner type is an ischemic stroke, caused by interruption of blood flow to a certain area of the brain. Ischemic stroke accounts for 85% of all acute strokes. The 15% of acute strokes are hemorrhagic strokes which are caused by bursting of a blood vessel i.e. acute hemorrhage.

Diabetes
High cholesterol
High blood pressure
Cigarette smoking

Obstructive sleep apnea
Cardiovascular disease
Family history of stroke

Stroke Risk Factors

High blood pressure - Hypertension may also cause thickening of the artery walls, resulting in narrowing and eventual blockage of the vessel (ischaemic stroke).
Atherosclerosis - Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the walls of the arteries and is a major cause of stroke. The term ‘atherosclerosis’ literally translates as hardening of the arteries.
Carotid Artery Stenosis - Hardening of the arteries in the neck (carotid arteries) can be a high risk for stroke, because these arteries are responsible for delivering blood to the brain. Atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries causes narrowing.
Diet - Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of stroke. Too much body fat can contribute to high blood pressure and high cholesterol, and may lead to heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

Smoking - Some of the chemicals in cigarette smoke (such as nicotine and carbon monoxide) accelerate the process of atherosclerosis (narrowing of arteries). Clots are more likely to form because smoking thickens the blood and makes clotting factors, such as platelets, much more ‘sticky’.
Diabetes - The high blood sugar levels contribute to the development of atherosclerosis (narrowing of arteries). It is very important that diabetes be kept under control.
Cholesterol Levels - Blood cholesterol contributes to the formation of a substance called atheroma, which sticks to artery walls and leads to atherosclerosis (narrowing and hardening of the arteries).
Alcohol - People who drink heavily are three times more likely to have a stroke (particularly haemorrhagic stroke), regardless of their age.
Exercise - A sedentary lifestyle (lots of sitting) increases the likelihood of obesity, high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol levels

Stroke Treatment

Positioning - Ability to change position and posture is affected in many individuals post stroke as a result of varying degrees of physical impairments.
Early Mobilization - Immobility is associated with a number of post stroke complications such as deep vein thrombosis etc.

Balance Training - Current evidence suggests that trunk exercise training improve trunk performance and dynamic sitting balance, while task specific training improves dynamic balance in both sitting and standing.
Gait and Mobility - The highest priority for many people with limited mobility after stroke is to walk independently. If walking performance is poor after stroke, community activity may be limited and people may become housebound and isolated from society.

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RAWATAN SAKIT BELAKANG

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